This summary is the fourth in a series of five short documents based on
Urban Traffic Calming and Health: A Literature Review. It briefly presents the effects of traffic calming on active transportation. The four other documents focus on road safety, air quality, environmental noise, and inequalities.
We first present the mechanisms of action underlying traffic-calming strategies, as these mechanisms help to explain and predict the effects of calming interventions on active transportation. Next, we summarize the results of studies having evaluated two approaches to traffic calming (black-spots and area-wide approaches). Lastly, we consider the implications of such results for public health actors.